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Published online before print November 12, 2002
Genome Research, DOI: 10.1101/gr.6049
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LETTER
Retroposed New Genes Out of the X in Drosophila

Esther Betrán,1 Kevin Thornton,2 and Manyuan Long1,2,3

1 Department of Ecology and Evolution; 2 Committee on Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA

New genes that originated by various molecular mechanisms are an essential component in understanding the evolution of genetic systems. We investigated the pattern of origin of the genes created by retroposition in Drosophila. We surveyed the whole Drosophila melanogaster genome for such new retrogenes and experimentally analyzed their functionality and evolutionary process. These retrogenes, functional as revealed by the analysis of expression, substitution, and population genetics, show a surprisingly asymmetric pattern in their origin. There is a significant excess of retrogenes that originate from the X chromosome and retropose to autosomes; new genes retroposed from autosomes are scarce. Further, we found that most of these X-derived autosomal retrogenes had evolved a testis expression pattern. These observations may be explained by natural selection favoring those new retrogenes that moved to autosomes and avoided the spermatogenesis X inactivation, and suggest the important role of genome position for the origin of new genes.

[The sequence data from this study have been submitted to GenBank under accession nos. AY150701-AY150797. The following individuals kindly provided reagents, samples, or unpublished information as indicated in the paper: M.-L. Wu, F. Lemeunier, and P. Gibert.]

3 Corresponding author.

12:000-000 © by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press  ISSN 1088-9051/02 $5.00
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