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Published online before print June 2, 2006, 10.1101/gr.5016106
Genome Res. 16:815-826, 2006
©2006 by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; ISSN 1088-9051/06 $5.00
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Genomic organization of the sex-determining and adjacent regions of the sex chromosomes of medaka

Mariko Kondo1,3, Ute Hornung1, Indrajit Nanda2, Shuichiro Imai4,5, Takashi Sasaki4, Atsushi Shimizu4, Shuichi Asakawa4, Hiroshi Hori5, Michael Schmid2, Nobuyoshi Shimizu4 and Manfred Schartl1,6

1 Department of Physiological Chemistry I, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, D-97074 Wuerzburg, Germany; 2 Institute for Human Genetics, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, D-97074 Wuerzburg, Germany; 3 Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; 4 Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; 5 Division of Biological Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan

Sequencing of the human Y chromosome has uncovered the peculiarities of the genomic organization of a heterogametic sex chromosome of old evolutionary age, and has led to many insights into the evolutionary changes that occurred during its long history. We have studied the genomic organization of the medaka fish Y chromosome, which is one of the youngest heterogametic sex chromosomes on which molecular data are available. The Y specific and adjacent regions were sequenced and compared to the X. The male sex-determining gene, dmrt1bY, appears to be the only functional gene in the Y-specific region. The Y-specific region itself is derived from the duplication of a 43-kb fragment from linkage group 9. All other coduplicated genes except dmrt1bY degenerated. The Y-specific region has accumulated large stretches of repetitive sequences and duplicated pieces of DNA from elsewhere in the genome, thereby growing to 258 kb. Interestingly the non-recombining part of the Y did not spread out considerably from the original duplicated fragment, possibly because of a large sequence duplication bordering the Y-specific fragment. This may have conserved the more ancestral structure of the medaka Y and provides insights into some of the initial processes of Y chromosome evolution.

6 Corresponding author.

E-mail phch1{at}biozentrum.uni-wuerzburg.de; fax 49-931-888-4150.

[Supplemental material is available online at www.genome.org. The sequence data from this study have been submitted to GenBank under accession nos. AP006150–AP006154.]

Article published online before print. Article and publication date are at http://www.genome.org/cgi/doi/10.1101/gr.5016106


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