Published online before print
December 19, 2005, 10.1101/gr.4624306
Genome Res. 16:164-172, 2006
©2006 by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; ISSN 1088-9051/06 $5.00
Letter
Transposon-free regions in mammalian genomes
Cas Simons1,
Michael Pheasant1,
Igor V. Makunin and
John S. Mattick2
ARC Special Research Centre for Functional and Applied Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
Despite the presence of over 3 million transposons separated on average by 500 bp, the human and mouse genomes each contain almost 1000 transposon-free regions (TFRs) over 10 kb in length. The majority of human TFRs correlate with orthologous TFRs in the mouse, despite the fact that most transposons are lineage specific. Many human TFRs also overlap with orthologous TFRs in the marsupial opossum, indicating that these regions have remained refractory to transposon insertion for long evolutionary periods. Over 90% of the bases covered by TFRs are noncoding, much of which is not highly conserved. Most TFRs are not associated with unusual nucleotide composition, but are significantly associated with genes encoding developmental regulators, suggesting that they represent extended regions of regulatory information that are largely unable to tolerate insertions, a conclusion difficult to reconcile with current conceptions of gene regulation.
Article published online ahead of print. Article and publication date are at http://www.genome.org/cgi/doi/10.1101/gr.4624306.
1 These authors contributed equally to this work.
2 Corresponding author. E-mail j.mattick{at}imb.uq.edu.au; fax 61-7-3346-2111.
[Supplemental material is available online at www.genome.org.]

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