This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Swigonová, Z. Articles by Messing, J. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Swigonová, Z. Articles by Messing, J. Pubmed/NCBI databases Nucleotide Protein Social Bookmarking                   What's this?

Letter

Close Split of Sorghum and Maize Genome Progenitors

Zuzana Swigoová^1,6, Jinsheng Lai^1,6, Jianxin Ma^2,3, Wusirika Ramakrishna^2,4, Victor Llaca^1,5, Jeffrey L. Bennetzen^2,3 and Joachim Messing^1,7

¹ Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA ² Department of Biological Sciences and Genetics Program, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA

It is generally believed that maize (Zea mays L. ssp. mays) arose as a tetraploid; however, the two progenitor genomes cannot be unequivocally traced within the genome of modern maize. We have taken a new approach to investigate the origin of the maize genome. We isolated and sequenced large genomic fragments from the regions surrounding five duplicated loci from the maize genome and their orthologous loci in sorghum, and then we compared these sequences with the orthologous regions in the rice genome. Within the studied segments, we identified 11 genes that were conserved in location, order, and orientation. We performed phylogenetic and distance analyses and examined the patterns of estimated times of divergence for sorghum and maize gene orthologs and also the time of divergence for maize orthologs. Our results support a tetraploid origin of maize. This analysis also indicates contemporaneous divergence of the ancestral sorghum genome and the two maize progenitor genomes about 11.9 million years ago (Mya). On the basis of a putative conversion event detected for one of the genes, tetraploidization must have occurred before 4.8 Mya, and therefore, preceded the major maize genome expansion by gene amplification and retrotransposition.

³ Present address: Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA

⁴ Present address: Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Tech University, MI 49931, USA

⁵ Present address: Analytical and Genomic Technologies, Crop Genetics R&D, DuPont Agriculture & Nutrition, Wilmington, DE 19880, USA.

⁷ Corresponding author.
E-MAIL messing{at}waksman.rutgers.edu; FAX (732) 445-0072.

Article and publication are at http://www.genome.org/cgi/doi/10.1101/gr.2332504.

CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

				H. Tang, J. E. Bowers, X. Wang, R. Ming, M. Alam, and A. H. Paterson Synteny and Collinearity in Plant Genomes Science, April 25, 2008; 320(5875): 486 - 488. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Lin, B. Shen, Z. Xu, T. G. Kollner, J. Degenhardt, and H. K. Dooner Characterization of the Monoterpene Synthase Gene tps26, the Ortholog of a Gene Induced by Insect Herbivory in Maize Plant Physiology, March 1, 2008; 146(3): 940 - 951. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Salse, S. Bolot, M. Throude, V. Jouffe, B. Piegu, U. M. Quraishi, T. Calcagno, R. Cooke, M. Delseny, and C. Feuillet Identification and Characterization of Shared Duplications between Rice and Wheat Provide New Insight into Grass Genome Evolution PLANT CELL, January 1, 2008; 20(1): 11 - 24. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				O. N. Danilevskaya, X. Meng, Z. Hou, E. V. Ananiev, and C. R. Simmons A Genomic and Expression Compendium of the Expanded PEBP Gene Family from Maize Plant Physiology, January 1, 2008; 146(1): 250 - 264. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Jenrich, I. Trompetter, S. Bak, C. E. Olsen, B. L. Moller, and M. Piotrowski Evolution of heteromeric nitrilase complexes in Poaceae with new functions in nitrile metabolism PNAS, November 20, 2007; 104(47): 18848 - 18853. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. I. E. Amarillo and H. W. Bass A Transgenomic Cytogenetic Sorghum (Sorghum propinquum) Bacterial Artificial Chromosome Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization Map of Maize (Zea mays L.) Pachytene Chromosome 9, Evidence for Regions of Genome Hyperexpansion Genetics, November 1, 2007; 177(3): 1509 - 1526. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Liu, C. Vitte, J. Ma, A. A. Mahama, T. Dhliwayo, M. Lee, and J. L. Bennetzen A GeneTrek analysis of the maize genome PNAS, July 10, 2007; 104(28): 11844 - 11849. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Sun, M. Thompson, G. Lin, H. Butler, Z. Gao, S. Thornburgh, K. Yau, D. A. Smith, and V. K. Shukla Inositol 1,3,4,5,6-Pentakisphosphate 2-Kinase from Maize: Molecular and Biochemical Characterization Plant Physiology, July 1, 2007; 144(3): 1278 - 1291. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. R. Valdivia, J. Sampedro, J. C. Lamb, S. Chopra, and D. J. Cosgrove Recent Proliferation and Translocation of Pollen Group 1 Allergen Genes in the Maize Genome Plant Physiology, March 1, 2007; 143(3): 1269 - 1281. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. Odland, A. Baumgarten, and R. Phillips Ancestral Rice Blocks Define Multiple Related Regions in the Maize Genome Crop Sci., November 1, 2006; 46(Supplement_1): S-41 - S-48. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Bruggmann, A. K. Bharti, H. Gundlach, J. Lai, S. Young, A. C. Pontaroli, F. Wei, G. Haberer, G. Fuks, C. Du, et al. Uneven chromosome contraction and expansion in the maize genome Genome Res., October 1, 2006; 16(10): 1241 - 1251. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Soderlund, W. Nelson, A. Shoemaker, and A. Paterson SyMAP: A system for discovering and viewing syntenic regions of FPC maps. Genome Res., September 1, 2006; 16(9): 1159 - 1168. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Mica, L. Gianfranceschi, and M. E. Pe Characterization of five microRNA families in maize J. Exp. Bot., August 1, 2006; 57(11): 2601 - 2612. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. T. Hamblin, A. M. Casa, H. Sun, S. C. Murray, A. H. Paterson, C. F. Aquadro, and S. Kresovich Challenges of Detecting Directional Selection After a Bottleneck: Lessons From Sorghum bicolor Genetics, June 1, 2006; 173(2): 953 - 964. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. C. Lamb and J. A. Birchler Retroelement Genome Painting: Cytological Visualization of Retroelement Expansions in the Genera Zea and Tripsacum Genetics, June 1, 2006; 173(2): 1007 - 1021. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. H. Paterson, M. Freeling, and T. Sasaki Grains of knowledge: Genomics of model cereals Genome Res., December 1, 2005; 15(12): 1643 - 1650. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J.-S. Kim, M. N. Islam-Faridi, P. E. Klein, D. M. Stelly, H. J. Price, R. R. Klein, and J. E. Mullet Comprehensive Molecular Cytogenetic Analysis of Sorghum Genome Architecture: Distribution of Euchromatin, Heterochromatin, Genes and Recombination in Comparison to Rice Genetics, December 1, 2005; 171(4): 1963 - 1976. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Haberer, S. Young, A. K. Bharti, H. Gundlach, C. Raymond, G. Fuks, E. Butler, R. A. Wing, S. Rounsley, B. Birren, et al. Structure and Architecture of the Maize Genome Plant Physiology, December 1, 2005; 139(4): 1612 - 1624. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. T. Hamblin, M. G. Salas Fernandez, A. M. Casa, S. E. Mitchell, A. H. Paterson, and S. Kresovich Equilibrium Processes Cannot Explain High Levels of Short- and Medium-Range Linkage Disequilibrium in the Domesticated Grass Sorghum bicolor Genetics, November 1, 2005; 171(3): 1247 - 1256. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Emberton, J. Ma, Y. Yuan, P. SanMiguel, and J. L. Bennetzen Gene enrichment in maize with hypomethylated partial restriction (HMPR) libraries Genome Res., October 1, 2005; 15(10): 1441 - 1446. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Sorghum Genomics Planning Workshop Participants Toward Sequencing the Sorghum Genome. A U.S. National Science Foundation-Sponsored Workshop Report Plant Physiology, August 1, 2005; 138(4): 1898 - 1902. [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Ma, P. SanMiguel, J. Lai, J. Messing, and J. L. Bennetzen DNA Rearrangement in Orthologous Orp Regions of the Maize, Rice and Sorghum Genomes Genetics, July 1, 2005; 170(3): 1209 - 1220. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Lai, Y. Li, J. Messing, and H. K. Dooner From the Cover: Gene movement by Helitron transposons contributes to the haplotype variability of maize PNAS, June 21, 2005; 102(25): 9068 - 9073. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Z. Swigonova, J. L. Bennetzen, and J. Messing Structure and Evolution of the r/b Chromosomal Regions in Rice, Maize and Sorghum Genetics, February 1, 2005; 169(2): 891 - 906. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Song, G. Segal, and J. Messing Expression of the sorghum 10-member kafirin gene cluster in maize endosperm Nucleic Acids Res., December 29, 2004; 32(22): e189 - e189. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Messing, A. K. Bharti, W. M. Karlowski, H. Gundlach, H. R. Kim, Y. Yu, F. Wei, G. Fuks, C. A. Soderlund, K. F. X. Mayer, et al. Sequence composition and genome organization of maize PNAS, October 5, 2004; 101(40): 14349 - 14354. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]