Vol 13, Issue 4, 570-578, April 2003
LETTER
Microarray Analyses of Xylella fastidiosa Provide Evidence of Coordinated Transcription Control of Laterally Transferred Elements
Luiz R. Nunes1,6,
Yoko B. Rosato2,
Nair H. Muto1,
Giane M. Yanai1,
Vivian S. da Silva1,
Daniela B. Leite1,
Edmilson R. Gonçalves2,
Alessandra A. de Souza3,4,
Helvécio D. Coletta-Filho3,
Marcos A. Machado3,
Silvio A. Lopes5 and
Regina Costa de Oliveira1,6
1Núcleo Integrado de Biotecnologia, Universidade de
Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, SP 08780-911, Brazil;2
Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética,
Universidade de Campinas, Caixa Postal 6010, Campinas, SP, Brazil;3
Centro APTA de Citros Sylvio Moreira, Instituto
Agronômico de Campinas, Caixa Postal 04, Cordeirópolis, SP
13490, 970, Brazil; 4Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa
Agropecuária, EMBRAPA; 5Unidade de Biotecnologia,
Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP
14096-380, Brazil
Genetically distinct strains of the plant bacterium Xylella
fastidiosa (Xf) are responsible for a variety of plant
diseases, accounting for severe economic damage throughout the world.
Using as a reference the genome of Xf 9a5c strain, associated
with citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC), we developed a microarray-based
comparison involving 12 Xf isolates, providing a thorough
assessment of the variation in genomic composition across the group.
Our results demonstrate that Xf displays one of the largest
flexible gene pools characterized to date, with several horizontally
acquired elements, such as prophages, plasmids, and genomic islands
(GIs), which contribute up to 18% of the final genome. Transcriptome
analysis of bacteria grown under different conditions shows that most
of these elements are transcriptionally active, and their expression
can be influenced in a coordinated manner by environmental stimuli.
Finally, evaluation of the genetic composition of these laterally
transferred elements identified differences that may help to explain
the adaptability of Xf strains to infect such a wide range of
plant species.
[Supplemental material is available online
at www.genome.org.]
6 Corresponding authors.
E-MAIL Lnunes{at}umc.br; FAX 55-11-4798-7104.
E-MAIL reginaco{at}umc.br; FAX 55-11-4798-7106.
Article and publication are at
http://www.genome.org/cgi/doi/10.1101/gr.930803.

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