This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Bernhardt, J. Articles by Hecker, M. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Bernhardt, J. Articles by Hecker, M. Social Bookmarking                   What's this?

LETTER

Bacillus subtilis During Feast and Famine: Visualization of the Overall Regulation of Protein Synthesis During Glucose Starvation by Proteome Analysis

¹Institut für Mikrobiologie, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; ²Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie Heidelberg, Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany

Dual channel imaging and warping of two-dimensional (2D) protein gels were used to visualize global changes of the gene expression patterns in growing Bacillus subtilis cells during entry into the stationary phase as triggered by glucose exhaustion. The 2D gels only depict single moments during the cells' growth cycle, but a sequential series of overlays obtained at specific points of the growth curve facilitates visualization of the developmental processes at the proteomics scale. During glucose starvation a substantial reprogramming of the protein synthesis pattern was found, with 150 proteins synthesized de novo and cessation of the synthesis of almost 400 proteins. Proteins induced following glucose starvation belong to two main regulation groups: general stress/starvation responses induced by different stresses or starvation stimuli (^B-dependent general stress regulon, stringent response, sporulation), and glucose-starvation-specific responses (drop in glycolysis, utilization of alternative carbon sources, gluconeogenesis). Using the dual channel approach, it was not only possible to identify those regulons or stimulons, but also to follow the fate of each single protein by the three-color code: red, newly induced but not yet accumulated; yellow, synthesized and accumulated; and green, still present, but no longer being synthesized. These green proteins, which represent a substantial part of the protein pool in the nongrowing cell, are not accessible by using DNA arrays. The combination of 2D gel electrophoresis and MALDI TOF mass spectrometry with the dual channel imaging technique provides a new and comprehensive view of the physiology of growing or starving bacterial cell populations, here for the case of the glucose-starvation response.

[This is presented as a movie of B. subtilis's growth/glucose-starvation response, available at www.genome.org and also at http://microbio1.biologie.uni-greifswald.de/starv/movie.htm.]

E-MAIL hecker{at}uni-greifswald.de; FAX 49 3834 864202.

Article and publication are at http://www.genome.org/cgi/doi/10.1101/gr.905003.

CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

				U. Gerth, H. Kock, I. Kusters, S. Michalik, R. L. Switzer, and M. Hecker Clp-Dependent Proteolysis Down-Regulates Central Metabolic Pathways in Glucose-Starved Bacillus subtilis J. Bacteriol., January 1, 2008; 190(1): 321 - 331. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. D. Passalacqua, N. H. Bergman, J. Y. Lee, D. H. Sherman, and P. C. Hanna The Global Transcriptional Responses of Bacillus anthracis Sterne (34F2) and a {Delta}sodA1 Mutant to Paraquat Reveal Metal Ion Homeostasis Imbalances during Endogenous Superoxide Stress J. Bacteriol., June 1, 2007; 189(11): 3996 - 4013. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Redon, P. Loubiere, and M. Cocaign-Bousquet Role of mRNA Stability during Genome-wide Adaptation of Lactococcus lactis to Carbon Starvation J. Biol. Chem., October 28, 2005; 280(43): 36380 - 36385. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Redon, P. Loubiere, and M. Cocaign-Bousquet Transcriptome Analysis of the Progressive Adaptation of Lactococcus lactis to Carbon Starvation J. Bacteriol., May 15, 2005; 187(10): 3589 - 3592. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Holtmann, M. Brigulla, L. Steil, A. Schutz, K. Barnekow, U. Volker, and E. Bremer RsbV-Independent Induction of the SigB-Dependent General Stress Regulon of Bacillus subtilis during Growth at High Temperature J. Bacteriol., September 15, 2004; 186(18): 6150 - 6158. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. A. C. Lemos, T. A. Brown Jr., and R. A. Burne Effects of RelA on Key Virulence Properties of Planktonic and Biofilm Populations of Streptococcus mutans Infect. Immun., March 1, 2004; 72(3): 1431 - 1440. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Liu, K. Tan, and G. D. Stormo Computational identification of the Spo0A-phosphate regulon that is essential for the cellular differentiation and development in Gram-positive spore-forming bacteria Nucleic Acids Res., December 1, 2003; 31(23): 6891 - 6903. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]