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LETTER

Centromere Satellites From Arabidopsis Populations: Maintenance of Conserved and Variable Domains

¹Committee on Genetics, ²Howard Hughes Medical Institute, ³Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA

The rapid evolution of centromere sequences between species has led to a debate over whether centromere activity is sequence-dependent. The Arabidopsis thaliana centromere regions contain 20,000 copies of a 178-bp satellite repeat. Here, we analyzed satellites from 41 Arabidopsis ecotypes, providing the first broad population survey of satellite variation within a species. We found highly conserved segments and consistent sequence lengths in the Arabidopsis satellites and in the published collection of human -satellites, supporting models for a functional role. Despite this conservation, polymorphisms are significantly enriched at some sites, yielding variation that could restrict binding proteins to a subset of repeat monomers. Some satellite regions vary considerably; at certain bases, consensus sequences derived from each ecotype diverge significantly from the Arabidopsis consensus, indicating substitutions sweep through a genome in less than 5 million years. Such rapid changes generate more variation within the set of Arabidopsis satellites than in genes from the chromosome arms or from the recombinationally suppressed centromere regions. These studies highlight a balance between the mechanisms that maintain particular satellite domains and the forces that disperse sequence changes throughout the satellite repeats in the genome.

[Supplemental material is available online at www.genome.org.]

E-MAIL dpreuss{at}midway.uchicago.edu; FAX (773) 702-6648.

Article and publication are at http://www.genome.org/cgi/doi/10.1101/gr.593403. Article published online before print in January 2003.

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