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Vol. 12, Issue 1, 57-66, January 2002

LETTER
A Comparative Genomic Analysis of Two Distant Diptera, the Fruit Fly, Drosophila melanogaster, and the Malaria Mosquito, Anopheles gambiae

Viacheslav N. Bolshakov,1 Pantelis Topalis,1 Claudia Blass,2 Elena Kokoza,2,3 Alessandra della Torre,4 Fotis C. Kafatos,2,5 and Christos Louis1,5,6

1 Genome Research Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, FORTH, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; 2 European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; 3 Institute of Cytology and Genetics, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; 4  Dipartimento di Scienze di Sanità Pubblica, Sez. di Parassitologia, Università "La Sapienza", 00185 Roma, Italy; and 5 Department of Biology, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece

Genome evolution entails changes in the DNA sequence of genes and intergenic regions, changes in gene numbers, and also changes in gene order along the chromosomes. Genes are reshuffled by chromosomal rearrangements such as deletions/insertions, inversions, translocations, and transpositions. Here we report a comparative study of genome organization in the main African malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae, relative to the recently determined sequence of the Drosophila melanogaster genome. The ancestral lines of these two dipteran insects are thought to have separated ~250 Myr, a long period that makes this genome comparison especially interesting. Sequence comparisons have identified 113 pairs of putative orthologs of the two species. Chromosomal mapping of orthologous genes reveals that each polytene chromosome arm has a homolog in the other species. Between 41% and 73% of the known orthologous genes remain linked in the respective homologous chromosomal arms, with the remainder translocated to various nonhomologous arms. Within homologous arms, gene order is extensively reshuffled, but a limited degree of conserved local synteny (microsynteny) can be recognized.

6 Corresponding author.

12:57-66 ©2002 by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press  ISSN 1088-9051/02 $5.00
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