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Vol. 11, Issue 9, 1511-1519, September 2001

LETTER
A Novel gamma 2-Herpesvirus of the Rhadinovirus 2 Lineage in Chimpanzees

Vincent Lacoste,1 Philippe Mauclère,1,2 Guy Dubreuil,3 John Lewis,4 Marie-Claude Georges-Courbot,3 and Antoine Gessain1,5

1 Unité d'Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Département du SIDA et des Rétrovirus, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France; 2 Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, BP 1274, Yaoundé, Cameroon; 3 Centre International de Recherches Médicales, Franceville, Gabon; 4 International Zoo Veterinary Group, Keighley, West Yorkshire BD21 1AG, UK

Old World monkeys and, recently, African great apes have been shown, by serology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), to harbor different gamma 2-herpesviruses closely related to Kaposi's sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus (KSHV). Although the presence of two distinct lineages of KSHV-like rhadinoviruses, RV1 and RV2, has been revealed in Old World primates (including African green monkeys, macaques, and, recently, mandrills), viruses belonging to the RV2 genogroup have not yet been identified from great apes. Indeed, the three yet known gamma 2-herpesviruses in chimpanzees (PanRHV1a/PtRV1, PanRHV1b) and gorillas (GorRHV1) belong to the RV1 group. To investigate the putative existence of a new RV2 Rhadinovirus in chimpanzees and gorillas we have used the degenerate consensus primer PCR strategy for the Herpesviral DNA polymerase gene on 40 wild-caught animals. This study led to the discovery, in common chimpanzees, of a novel gamma 2-herpesvirus belonging to the RV2 genogroup, termed Pan Rhadino-herpesvirus 2 (PanRHV2). Use of specific primers and internal oligonucleotide probes demonstrated the presence of this novel gamma 2-herpesvirus in three wild-caught animals. Comparison of a 1092-bp fragment of the DNA polymerase obtained from these three animals of the Pan troglodytes troglodytes subspecies, one from Gabon and the two others from Cameroon, revealed <1% of nucleotide divergence. The geographic colocalization as well as the phylogenetic "relationship" of the human and simian gamma 2-herpesviruses support the model according to which herpesviruses have diversified from a common ancestor in a manner mediating cospeciation of herpesviruses with their host species. By demonstrating the existence of two distinct Rhadinovirus lineages in common chimpanzees, our finding indicates the possible existence of a novel human gamma 2-herpesvirus belonging to the RV2 genogroup.

[The Herpesviral DNA polymerase sequence data determined herein have been deposited at the GenBank database under accession nos. AF290601, AF346488, AF346489, and AF346490.]

5 Corresponding author.

11:1511-1519 ©2001 by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press  ISSN 1088-9051/01 $5.00
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