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Vol. 11, Issue 9, 1484-1502, September 2001
A Proteomic View on Genome-Based Signal Peptide Predictions
Haike
Antelmann,1
Harold
Tjalsma,2
Birgit
Voigt,1
Steffen
Ohlmeier,1
Sierd
Bron,2
Jan
Maarten
van Dijl,3,4 and
Michael
Hecker1
1 Institut für Mikrobiologie und Molekularbiologie,
Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universiät Greifswald, D-17487 Greifswald,
Germany; 2 Department of Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular
Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, 9751 NN Haren, The Netherlands;
3 Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of
Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
The availability of complete genome sequences has allowed the
prediction of all exported proteins of the corresponding organisms with
dedicated algorithms. Even though numerous studies report on
genome-based predictions of signal peptides and cell retention signals,
they lack a proteomic verification. For example, 180 secretory and 114 lipoprotein signal peptides were predicted recently for the
Gram-positive eubacterium Bacillus subtilis. In the present studies, proteomic approaches were used to define the extracellular complement of the B. subtilis secretome. Using different
growth conditions and a hyper-secreting mutant, ~200 extracellular
proteins were visualized by two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis,
of which 82 were identified by mass spectrometry. These include 41 proteins that have a potential signal peptide with a type I signal peptidase (SPase) cleavage site, and lack a retention signal. Strikingly, the remaining 41 proteins were predicted previously to be
cell associated because of the apparent absence of a signal peptide
(22), or the presence of specific cell retention signals in addition to
an export signal (19). To test the importance of the five type I SPases
and the unique lipoprotein-specific SPase of B. subtilis, the
extracellular proteome of (multiple) SPase mutants was analyzed.
Surprisingly, only the processing of the polytopic membrane protein
YfnI was strongly inhibited in Spase I mutants, showing for the first
time that a native eubacterial membrane protein is a genuine Spase I
substrate. Furthermore, a mutation affecting lipoprotein modification
and processing resulted in the shedding of at least 23 (lipo-)proteins
into the medium. In conclusion, our observations show that genome-based
predictions reflect the actual composition of the extracellular
proteome for ~50%. Major problems are currently encountered with the
prediction of extracellular proteins lacking signal peptides (including
cytoplasmic proteins) and lipoproteins.
4
Corresponding author.
11:1484-1502 ©2001 by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press ISSN 1088-9051/01 $5.00

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