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Vol. 11, Issue 12, 2009-2019, December 2001

Evolution of Gene Order in the Genomes of Two Related Yeast Species

Gilles Fischer,1,4 Cécile Neuvéglise,2 Pascal Durrens,3 Claude Gaillardin,2 and Bernard Dujon1

1 Unité de Génétique Moléculaire des Levures, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France; 2 Collection de Levures d'Interêt Biotechnologique, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France; 3 Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire de la Levure, 33077 Bordeaux Cedex, France

Changes in gene order between the genomes of two related yeast species, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces bayanus var. uvarum were studied. From the dataset of a previous low coverage sequencing of the S. bayanus var. uvarum genome, 35 different synteny breakpoints between neighboring genes and two cases of local gene inversion were characterized in detail. The number and the type of the chromosomal rearrangements that have lead to these differences were identified. We show that evolution of gene order in the genomes of these two yeast species is driven mainly by gene duplication onto different chromosomes followed by differential loss of the repeated copies. In addition, local gene inversions also would result from a mechanism of gene duplication, but in an inverted orientation, followed by loss of the original copy. The identification of traces of anciently duplicated genes, called relics, show that the loss of duplicates is more frequently caused by the accumulation of numerous mutations in one of the two copies than by DNA deletion. Surprisingly, gross chromosomal rearrangements such as translocations have only a minor effect on gene order reshuffling as they account for <10% of the synteny breakpoints.

[The sequence data have been submitted to the EMBL Library under accession nos. AJ316068 and AJ316069.]

4 Corresponding author.

11:2009-2019 ©2001 by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press  ISSN 1088-9051/01 $5.00
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