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Published online before print October 15, 2001, 10.1101/gr.200601
November 1, 2001
Genome Research, DOI: 10.1101/gr.200601
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Vol. 11, Issue 11, 1842-1847, November 2001

LETTER
Pattern and Timing of Gene Duplication in Animal Genomes

Robert Friedman, and Austin L. Hughes1

Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA

Duplication of genes, giving rise to multigene families, has been a characteristic feature of the evolution of eukaryotic genomes. In the case of vertebrates, it has been proposed that an increase in gene number resulted from two rounds of duplication of the entire genome by polyploidization (the 2R hypothesis). In the most extensive test to date of this hypothesis, we compared gene numbers in homologous families and conducted phylogenetic analyses of gene families with two to eight members in the complete genomes of Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster and the available portion of the human genome. Although the human genome showed a higher proportion of recent gene duplications than the other animal genomes, the proportion of duplications after the deuterostome-protostome split was constant across families, with no peak of such duplications in four-member families, contrary to the expectation of the 2R hypothesis. A substantial majority (70.9%) of human four-member families and four-member clusters in larger families showed topologies inconsistent with two rounds of polyploidization in vertebrates.

1 Corresponding author.

11:1842-1847 ©2001 by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press  ISSN 1088-9051/01 $5.00
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