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Published online before print September 20, 2001, 10.1101/gr.185801
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Vol. 11, Issue 10, 1706-1715, October 2001

LETTER
Whole Genome Comparison of Campylobacter jejuni Human Isolates Using a Low-Cost Microarray Reveals Extensive Genetic Diversity

Nick Dorrell,1,4 Joseph A. Mangan,2,4 Kenneth G. Laing,2 Jason Hinds,2 Dennis Linton,1 Hasan Al-Ghusein,2 Bart G. Barrell,3 Julian Parkhill,3 Neil G. Stoker,1 Andrey V. Karlyshev,1 Philip D. Butcher,2 and Brendan W. Wren1,5

1 Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; 2 Department of Medical Microbiology, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London SW17 0RE, UK; 3 The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK

Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial food-borne diarrhoeal disease throughout the world, and yet is still a poorly understood pathogen. Whole genome microarray comparisons of 11 C. jejuni strains of diverse origin identified genes in up to 30 NCTC 11168 loci ranging from 0.7 to 18.7 kb that are either absent or highly divergent in these isolates. Many of these regions are associated with the biosynthesis of surface structures including flagella, lipo-oligosaccharide, and the newly identified capsule. Other strain-variable genes of known function include those responsible for iron acquisition, DNA restriction/modification, and sialylation. In fact, at least 21% of genes in the sequenced strain appear dispensable as they are absent or highly divergent in one or more of the isolates tested, thus defining 1300 C. jejuni core genes. Such core genes contribute mainly to metabolic, biosynthetic, cellular, and regulatory processes, but many virulence determinants are also conserved. Comparison of the capsule biosynthesis locus revealed conservation of all the genes in this region in strains with the same Penner serotype as strain NCTC 11168. By contrast, between 5 and 17 NCTC 11168 genes in this region are either absent or highly divergent in strains of a different serotype from the sequenced strain, providing further evidence that the capsule accounts for Penner serotype specificity. These studies reveal extensive genetic diversity among C. jejuni strains and pave the way toward identifying correlates of pathogenicity and developing improved epidemiological tools for this problematic pathogen.

4 These authors contributed equally to this work.

5 Corresponding author.

11:1706-1715 ©2001 by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press  ISSN 1088-9051/01 $5.00
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