|
Vol. 10, Issue 8, 1115-1125, August 2000
Conservation, Regulation, Synteny, and Introns in a Large-scale C. briggsae-C. elegans Genomic Alignment
W. James
Kent,1 and
Alan M.
Zahler
Department of Biology and Center for Molecular Biology of RNA,
University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064 USA
A new algorithm, WABA, was developed for doing large-scale
alignments between genomic DNA of different species. WABA was used to
align 8 million bases of Caenorhabditis briggsae genomic DNA against the entire 97-million-base Caenorhabditis elegans
genome. The alignment, including C. briggsae homologs of 154 genetically characterized C. elegans genes and many times this
number of largely uncharacterized ORFs, can be browsed and searched on
the Web (http://www.cse.ucsc.edu/~kent/intronerator). The alignment
confirms that patterns of conservation can be useful in identifying
regulatory regions and rarely expressed coding regions. Conserved
regulatory elements can be identified inside coding exons by examining
the level of divergence at the wobble position of codons. The alignment
reveals a bimodal size distribution of syntenic regions. Over 250 introns are present in one species but not the other. The 3' and
5' intron splice sites have more similarity to each other in
introns unique to one species than in C. elegans introns as a
whole, suggesting a possible mechanism for intron removal.
1
Corresponding author.
10:1115-1125 ©2000 by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press ISSN 1088-9051/00 $5.00

CiteULike Connotea Del.icio.us Digg Reddit Technorati What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. Irimia, J. L. Rukov, D. Penny, J. Garcia-Fernandez, J. Vinther, and S. W. Roy
Widespread Evolutionary Conservation of Alternatively Spliced Exons in Caenorhabditis
Mol. Biol. Evol.,
February 1, 2008;
25(2):
375 - 382.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
H. He, J. Wang, T. Liu, X. S. Liu, T. Li, Y. Wang, Z. Qian, H. Zheng, X. Zhu, T. Wu, et al.
Mapping the C. elegans noncoding transcriptome with a whole-genome tiling microarray
Genome Res.,
October 1, 2007;
17(10):
1471 - 1477.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. H. Graber, J. Salisbury, L. N. Hutchins, and T. Blumenthal
C. elegans sequences that control trans-splicing and operon pre-mRNA processing
RNA,
September 1, 2007;
13(9):
1409 - 1426.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. Vishnoi, R. Roy, and A. Bhattacharya
Comparative analysis of bacterial genomes: identification of divergent regions in mycobacterial strains using an anchor-based approach
Nucleic Acids Res.,
June 28, 2007;
35(11):
3654 - 3667.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. L. Rukov, M. Irimia, S. Mork, V. K. Lund, J. Vinther, and P. Arctander
High Qualitative and Quantitative Conservation of Alternative Splicing in Caenorhabditis elegans and Caenorhabditis briggsae
Mol. Biol. Evol.,
April 1, 2007;
24(4):
909 - 917.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A.-F. Ruaud and J.-L. Bessereau
The P-type ATPase CATP-1 is a novel regulator of C. elegans developmental timing that acts independently of its predicted pump function
Development,
March 1, 2007;
134(5):
867 - 879.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. W. Roy and D. Penny
Patterns of Intron Loss and Gain in Plants: Intron Loss-Dominated Evolution and Genome-Wide Comparison of O. sativa and A. thaliana
Mol. Biol. Evol.,
January 1, 2007;
24(1):
171 - 181.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. W. Roy and D. Penny
Smoke Without Fire: Most Reported Cases of Intron Gain in Nematodes Instead Reflect Intron Losses
Mol. Biol. Evol.,
December 1, 2006;
23(12):
2259 - 2262.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. W. Roy and D. Penny
Large-scale intron conservation and order-of-magnitude variation in intron loss/gain rates in apicomplexan evolution
Genome Res.,
October 1, 2006;
16(10):
1270 - 1275.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
N. Sheth, X. Roca, M. L. Hastings, T. Roeder, A. R. Krainer, and R. Sachidanandam
Comprehensive splice-site analysis using comparative genomics
Nucleic Acids Res.,
September 1, 2006;
34(14):
3955 - 3967.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. W. Roy and D. L. Hartl
Very little intron loss/gain in Plasmodium: Intron loss/gain mutation rates and intron number
Genome Res.,
June 1, 2006;
16(6):
750 - 756.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
R. Agrawal and G. D. Stormo
Using mRNAs lengths to accurately predict the alternatively spliced gene products in Caenorhabditis elegans
Bioinformatics,
May 15, 2006;
22(10):
1239 - 1244.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. Lomsadze, V. Ter-Hovhannisyan, Y. O. Chernoff, and M. Borodovsky
Gene identification in novel eukaryotic genomes by self-training algorithm
Nucleic Acids Res.,
November 28, 2005;
33(20):
6494 - 6506.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
K. Lin and D.-Y. Zhang
The excess of 5' introns in eukaryotic genomes
Nucleic Acids Res.,
November 27, 2005;
33(20):
6522 - 6527.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
T. D. Wu and C. K. Watanabe
GMAP: a genomic mapping and alignment program for mRNA and EST sequences
Bioinformatics,
May 1, 2005;
21(9):
1859 - 1875.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. W. Roy and W. Gilbert
Rates of intron loss and gain: Implications for early eukaryotic evolution
PNAS,
April 19, 2005;
102(16):
5773 - 5778.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. W. Roy and W. Gilbert
Resolution of a deep animal divergence by the pattern of intron conservation
PNAS,
March 22, 2005;
102(12):
4403 - 4408.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
C. HOLLINS, D. A.R. ZORIO, M. MACMORRIS, and T. BLUMENTHAL
U2AF binding selects for the high conservation of the C. elegans 3' splice site
RNA,
March 1, 2005;
11(3):
248 - 253.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. Coghlan and K. H. Wolfe
From the Cover: Origins of recently gained introns in Caenorhabditis
PNAS,
August 3, 2004;
101(31):
11362 - 11367.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. Cho, S.-W. Jin, A. Cohen, and R. E. Ellis
A Phylogeny of Caenorhabditis Reveals Frequent Loss of Introns During Nematode Evolution
Genome Res.,
July 1, 2004;
14(7):
1207 - 1220.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. C.E. Darling, B. Mau, F. R. Blattner, and N. T. Perna
Mauve: Multiple Alignment of Conserved Genomic Sequence With Rearrangements
Genome Res.,
July 1, 2004;
14(7):
1394 - 1403.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
C. I. Castillo-Davis, T. B. C. Bedford, and D. L. Hartl
Accelerated Rates of Intron Gain/Loss and Protein Evolution in Duplicate Genes in Human and Mouse Malaria Parasites
Mol. Biol. Evol.,
July 1, 2004;
21(7):
1422 - 1427.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
K. Kiontke, N. P. Gavin, Y. Raynes, C. Roehrig, F. Piano, and D. H. A. Fitch
Caenorhabditis phylogeny predicts convergence of hermaphroditism and extensive intron loss
PNAS,
June 15, 2004;
101(24):
9003 - 9008.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
Y. Liu, X. S. Liu, L. Wei, R. B. Altman, and S. Batzoglou
Eukaryotic Regulatory Element Conservation Analysis and Identification Using Comparative Genomics
Genome Res.,
March 1, 2004;
14(3):
451 - 458.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. Prachumwat, L. DeVincentis, and M. F. Palopoli
Intron Size Correlates Positively With Recombination Rate in Caenorhabditis elegans
Genetics,
March 1, 2004;
166(3):
1585 - 1590.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
T. W. Harris, N. Chen, F. Cunningham, M. Tello-Ruiz, I. Antoshechkin, C. Bastiani, T. Bieri, D. Blasiar, K. Bradnam, J. Chan, et al.
WormBase: a multi-species resource for nematode biology and genomics
Nucleic Acids Res.,
January 1, 2004;
32(90001):
D411 - 417.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
E. W. Ganko, V. Bhattacharjee, P. Schliekelman, and J. F. McDonald
Evidence for the Contribution of LTR Retrotransposons to C. elegans Gene Evolution
Mol. Biol. Evol.,
November 1, 2003;
20(11):
1925 - 1931.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. Fedorov, S. Roy, L. Fedorova, and W. Gilbert
Mystery of Intron Gain
Genome Res.,
October 1, 2003;
13(10):
2236 - 2241.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
W. J. Kent, R. Baertsch, A. Hinrichs, W. Miller, and D. Haussler
Evolution's cauldron: Duplication, deletion, and rearrangement in the mouse and human genomes
PNAS,
September 30, 2003;
100(20):
11484 - 11489.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. C.-C. Shih and W.-H. Li
GS-Aligner: A Novel Tool for Aligning Genomic Sequences Using Bit-Level Operations
Mol. Biol. Evol.,
August 1, 2003;
20(8):
1299 - 1309.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
R. N. Nurtdinov, I. I. Artamonova, A. A. Mironov, and M. S. Gelfand
Low conservation of alternative splicing patterns in the human and mouse genomes
Hum. Mol. Genet.,
June 1, 2003;
12(11):
1313 - 1320.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
K.-Z. Lee, A. Eizinger, R. Nandakumar, S. C. Schuster, and R. J. Sommer
Limited microsynteny between the genomes of Pristionchus pacificus and Caenorhabditis elegans
Nucleic Acids Res.,
May 15, 2003;
31(10):
2553 - 2560.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. Brudno, C. B. Do, G. M. Cooper, M. F. Kim, E. Davydov, N. C. S. Program, E. D. Green, A. Sidow, and S. Batzoglou
LAGAN and Multi-LAGAN: Efficient Tools for Large-Scale Multiple Alignment of Genomic DNA
Genome Res.,
April 1, 2003;
13(4):
721 - 731.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
T. W. Harris, R. Lee, E. Schwarz, K. Bradnam, D. Lawson, W. Chen, D. Blasier, E. Kenny, F. Cunningham, R. Kishore, et al.
WormBase: a cross-species database for comparative genomics
Nucleic Acids Res.,
January 1, 2003;
31(1):
133 - 137.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
K. A. Frazer, L. Elnitski, D. M. Church, I. Dubchak, and R. C. Hardison
Cross-Species Sequence Comparisons: A Review of Methods and Available Resources
Genome Res.,
January 1, 2003;
13(1):
1 - 12.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
N. Bray, I. Dubchak, and L. Pachter
AVID: A Global Alignment Program
Genome Res.,
January 1, 2003;
13(1):
97 - 102.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. Sivasundar and J. Hey
Population Genetics of Caenorhabditis elegans: The Paradox of Low Polymorphism in a Widespread Species
Genetics,
January 1, 2003;
163(1):
147 - 157.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. Majewski and J. Ott
Distribution and Characterization of Regulatory Elements in the Human Genome
Genome Res.,
December 1, 2002;
12(12):
1827 - 1836.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
C. Mathe, M.-F. Sagot, T. Schiex, and P. Rouze
Current methods of gene prediction, their strengths and weaknesses
Nucleic Acids Res.,
October 1, 2002;
30(19):
4103 - 4117.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. Srinivasan, W. Sinz, C. Lanz, A. Brand, R. Nandakumar, G. Raddatz, H. Witte, H. Keller, I. Kipping, A. Pires-daSilva, et al.
A Bacterial Artificial Chromosome-Based Genetic Linkage Map of the Nematode Pristionchus pacificus
Genetics,
September 1, 2002;
162(1):
129 - 134.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
T. Farrer, A. B. Roller, W. J. Kent, and A. M. Zahler
Analysis of the role of Caenorhabditis elegans GC-AG introns in regulated splicing
Nucleic Acids Res.,
August 1, 2002;
30(15):
3360 - 3367.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. E. Hall, A. Fiebig, and D. Preuss
Beyond the Arabidopsis Genome: Opportunities for Comparative Genomics
Plant Physiology,
August 1, 2002;
129(4):
1439 - 1447.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. Llopart, J. M. Comeron, F. G. Brunet, D. Lachaise, and M. Long
Intron presence-absence polymorphism in Drosophila driven by positive Darwinian selection
PNAS,
June 11, 2002;
99(12):
8121 - 8126.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
D. L. Baillie
Genomes in Motion
Genome Res.,
June 1, 2002;
12(6):
843 - 843.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. Coghlan and K. H. Wolfe
Fourfold Faster Rate of Genome Rearrangement in Nematodes Than in Drosophila
Genome Res.,
June 1, 2002;
12(6):
857 - 867.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
W. J. Kent, C. W. Sugnet, T. S. Furey, K. M. Roskin, T. H. Pringle, A. M. Zahler, and a. D. Haussler
The Human Genome Browser at UCSC
Genome Res.,
June 1, 2002;
12(6):
996 - 1006.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. Colinas, K. Birnbaum, and P. N. Benfey
Using Cauliflower to Find Conserved Non-Coding Regions in Arabidopsis
Plant Physiology,
June 1, 2002;
129(2):
451 - 454.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. S. Kondrashov and S. A. Shabalina
Classification of common conserved sequences in mammalian intergenic regions
Hum. Mol. Genet.,
March 1, 2002;
11(6):
669 - 674.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
C. T. Webb, S. A. Shabalina, A. Yu. Ogurtsov, and A. S. Kondrashov
Analysis of similarity within 142 pairs of orthologous intergenic regions of Caenorhabditis elegans and Caenorhabditis briggsae
Nucleic Acids Res.,
March 1, 2002;
30(5):
1233 - 1239.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
E. S. Davis, L. Wille, B. A. Chestnut, P. L. Sadler, D. C. Shakes, and A. Golden
Multiple Subunits of the Caenorhabditis elegans Anaphase-Promoting Complex Are Required for Chromosome Segregation During Meiosis I
Genetics,
February 1, 2002;
160(2):
805 - 813.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. Lynch, M. O'Hely, B. Walsh, and A. Force
The Probability of Preservation of a Newly Arisen Gene Duplicate
Genetics,
December 1, 2001;
159(4):
1789 - 1804.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
R. C. Lee and V. Ambros
An Extensive Class of Small RNAs in Caenorhabditis elegans
Science,
October 26, 2001;
294(5543):
862 - 864.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. M. Celotto and B. R. Graveley
Alternative Splicing of the Drosophila Dscam Pre-mRNA Is Both Temporally and Spatially Regulated
Genetics,
October 1, 2001;
159(2):
599 - 608.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
P. F. Cliften, L. W. Hillier, L. Fulton, T. Graves, T. Miner, W. R. Gish, R. H. Waterston, and M. Johnston
Surveying Saccharomyces Genomes to Identify Functional Elements by Comparative DNA Sequence Analysis
Genome Res.,
July 1, 2001;
11(7):
1175 - 1186.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. F. Dernburg
Here, There, and Everywhere: Kinetochore Function on Holocentric Chromosomes
J. Cell Biol.,
June 11, 2001;
153(6):
F33 - F38.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. D. Wilson, C. Riemer, D. W. Martindale, P. Schnupf, A. P. Boright, T. L. Cheung, D. M. Hardy, S. Schwartz, S. W. Scherer, L.-C. Tsui, et al.
Comparative analysis of the gene-dense ACHE/TFR2 region on human chromosome 7q22 with the orthologous region on mouse chromosome 5
Nucleic Acids Res.,
March 15, 2001;
29(6):
1352 - 1365.
| |